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Dr hab. Katarzyna Klemm, Prof. Uczelni

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Stanowisko: Profesor Uczelni

Dyrektor Kolegium Gospodarki Przestrzennej

Pokój: 322

Telefon: 42 631 35 16

E-Mail:  katarzyna.klemm@p.lodz.pl

 

Wykształcenie:

  • Uniwersytet Łódzki, Wydział Biologii i Nauk o Ziemi, kierunek Geografia, 1991r., mgr „Wpływ zanieczyszczeń powietrza i hałasu na warunki życia ludności w Śródmieściu Łodzi”. Specjalność: Gospodarka przestrzenna i planowanie przestrzenne,

  • Politechnika Łódzka, Wydział Budownictwa, Architektury i Inżynierii Środowiska, 1999r., dr n. t. w zakresie fizyki budowli, „Warunki wietrzności w wybranych strukturach urbanistycznych i wybór optymalnych rozwiązań”,

  • Politechnika Krakowska, Wydział Inżynierii Lądowej, 2012 r., dr hab. n. t. w dyscyplinie: budownictwo, w zakresie fizyki budowli „Kompleksowa ocena warunków mikroklimatu w luźnych i zwartych strukturach urbanistycznych”.

 

Studia podyplomowe

  • 1992      Podyplomowe Studia Pedagogiczne w Politechnice Łódzkiej,

  • 1993      Podyplomowe Studia „Szacowanie Nieruchomości” w Politechnice Łódzkiej,

  • 1995      Podyplomowe Studia Europejskie w zakresie ekonomiczno-prawnym i cywilizacyjno-kulturowym, Ośrodek 
                  Badań Europejskich, Uniwersytet Łódzki,

  • 1998      Kurs dla kandydatów na audytorów i doradców energetycznych,

  • 2000      International Advanced School on Wind-Excited and Aeroelastic Vibrations of Structures Department of
                  Structural and Geotechnical Engineering DISEG, University of Genoa, Italy,

  • 2002      Wind Engineering Short Course, School of Engineering University of Birmingham, UK.

 

Pełnione funkcje

  • od 01.12.2016 Dyrektor Kolegium Gospodarki Przestrzennej, Politechnika Łódzka

  • od 08.03.2019 Przewodnicząca Rady Kierunku Planowanie Przestrzenne

  • od 25.09.2019 Członek Rady Dyscypliny „Inżynieria Lądowa i Transport”

  • od 25.09.2020 Członek Komisji na Egzamin Kompetencyjny dla kierunku planowanie przestrzenne

  • od 01.01.2021 Członek Rady do spraw Stopni Naukowych w dyscyplinie inżynieria lądowa i transport,

  • Przewodnicząca Rady Programowej Kolegium Gospodarki Przestrzennej

  • Członek Rady Bibliotecznej PŁ

 

Przynależność do organizacji naukowych i zawodowych:

  • International Association for Building Physics,

  • International Association for Urban Climate,

  • International Association PLEA (Passive and Low Energy Architecture),

  • Sekcja Fizyki Budowli Komitetu Inżynierii Lądowej i Wodnej PAN,

  • Oddział Polski Stowarzyszenia Symulacji Procesów Fizycznych w Budynkach IBPSA Poland,

  • Polskie Stowarzyszenie Inżynierii Wiatrowej,

  • Polskie Towarzystwo Energetyki Słonecznej,

  • Członek Towarzystwa Urbanistów Polskich.

 

Obszar badań:

  • Fizyka miasta, inżynieria wiatrowa, zrównoważony rozwój miast,

  • Oddziaływanie dynamiczne i termiczne wiatru na człowieka w strefach zabudowy wysokiej i niskiej,

  • Środowiskowe aspekty zrównoważonego rozwoju w planowaniu przestrzennym miast,

  • Oddziaływanie zabudowy na klimat obszarów zabudowanych, w tym problemy przewietrzania struktur miejskich, ochrony energii czy komfortu człowieka.

 

Granty badawcze:

  • Projekt badawczy własny nr 4 T07E 02426 "Wielokryterialna optymalizacja budynków i osiedli energooszczędnych" 25.03.2004 - 24.03.2007 wykonawca,

  • Projekt badawczy rozwojowy nr R04 004 01 "Metoda wskaźnikowa oceny oddziaływania klimatu na obiekty zabytkowe" 25.08.2006 – 24.08.2009 wykonawca,

  • Projekt badawczy własny nr 506 1589 33 "Laserowo stymulowane domieszkowanie warstwy wierzchniej wybranych materiałów kapilarno - porowatych nanocząstkami trudno topliwych węglików metali" 05.12.2007 – 04.12.2009 wykonawca,

  •  

  • Projekt badawczy nr 2059/B/T02/2011/40 „Optymalizacja fasad podwójnych pod kątem oszczędności energii i jakości środowiska” wykonawca.

 

Dorobek naukowy:

Opublikowane 2 monografie oraz 120 artykułów w czasopismach naukowych oraz na konferencjach polskich i zagranicznych.

 

Wybrane publikacje:

Klemm K., Marks W., Klemm A.J.: Multicriteria optimisation of the building arrangement with application of numerical simulation,Building and Environment, 35, 2000, s.537 – 544

This paper presents an example of optimization of two building arrangements as a function of three variables describing their alignment relative to each other and relative to North. The presented results are limited to the wind flow speeds around buildings in flat undeveloped terrain. The turbulence model K-ehas been adopted for this study. Calculations have been made with the use of simulation program FLUENT 4.3. The potential application of a multicriteria optimization method for the selection process of the optimal arrangement of buildings which would provide required wind comfort has been investigated. Computer program CAMOS (Computer Aided Multicriterion Optimisation System) has been used for the optimization procedure.

 

Klemm K., Jabłoński M.:Effect of windbreak on the wind flow in a small existing urban structure, Second International Building Physics Conference, Leuven, 2003, s.973-980

This paper presents the results of CFD simulations of the wind flow around group of buildings in an existing housing estate. Special attention has been paid on wind effects on pedestrians comfort at 1.80m from the ground. Numerical simulation of wind flow has shown some zones in which wind comfort can be disturbed. In order to improve wind condition around buildings a windscreen has been proposed. Three types of wind screens have been considered: earth berm, acoustic screen and row of trees. The effect of windscreen on the wind flow patterns has been investigated for eight direction of wind. Calculations have been made with the use of Fluent CFD code. Numerical simulation has been based on the turbulence viscosity model k - eand wall function. A practical, but reasonably fine numerical, unstructured mesh was employed, containing approximately 2 million tetrahedral elements.

 

Klemm K., Jabłoński M.:Wind speed at pedestrian level in residential building complex, 21st International Conference Passive and Low Energy Architecture, Eindhoven, 2004, s.311-316

The paper presents the results of CFD simulation of the wind flow in a built-up area. The analysis of wind speed distribution has been carried out at the height of 1.80m. Numerical simulation of wind flow has shown some zones in which wind comfort can be disturbed and indicated areas characterized by low wind speed and exposed to air stagnation or snow accumulation. A CFD code was used to illustrate the influence of the building arrangement in increasing wind speeds. The obtained results could be the first step in pedestrians comfort assessing.

 

Heim D., Klemm K.:The effect of wind loads on conduction heat loses in high rise buildings, 21st International Conference Passive and Low Energy Architecture, Eindhoven, 2004, s.317-322

The paper presents the numerical results of conduction heat losses in multifamily building located in the existing urban structure. The influence of wind flow around buildings was estimated by FLUENT simulation program. According to these initial results the external boundary conditions for wind speed were assumed for representative facade at different heights. This informations were used for selected zones modelled in ESP-r. The analyses have been done for different wind directions in one selected period of winter. Vertical wind speed profile and local wind accelerations were taken into consideration. The values of conduction heat fluxes histories were estimated and compared with standard data for wind speed and direction.

 

Klemm K.:Application of numerical simulation in assessment of microclimatic condition in urban areas. W: Proceedings of the 10th International Building Performance Simulation Association Conference , Beijing, China, 3-6 September 2007, vol. 1-3, s.1139-1145

The proposition of an assessment method of wind condition in urban structures is presented in the paper. In the second part of the paper two virtual residential districts with different urban organisation have been investigated. An assessment model used to examine wind conditions in selected urban organization structures defines quantitative and qualitative features of the study area. Two elements of the urban environment, wind conditions and urban development, are evaluated. Meteorological data analysis and simulation methods are used to determine individual parameters. In order to predict wind flow patterns around buildings numerical simulation based on the K – ε turbulence model has been used. Application of this method allows for determination the size of the zones with different levels of influence on pedestrian comfort and ventilation as well as enables assessment of microclimatic condition in existing or designing urban complex.

 

Klemm K., Pieszyński K., Rożniakowski K.:Examination of air density fluctuations with the aid of laser beam, Optica Applicata, Vol. XXXVII, No. 3, 2007, s.219-228

The paper presents theoretical foundations and results of experimental verification of the possibility of laser beam application for registration of air density fluctuations caused either by mechanically forced air flow near obstacles which are not streamlined or by the presence of solid objects which produce thermal disturbance (temperature gradients).

 

Heim D., Klemm K.:Thermal characteristic of building envelope in revitalized post-industrial buildings. W: 25th PLEA International Conference “Towards Zero Energy Building”. Paul Kenny, J. Owen Lewis, Vivienne Brophy (eds.) University College Dublin, Ireland 22-24 October 2008

Presented work is devoted to analysis of heat exchange on external surfaces with a complex geometry. Thermal processes in a thin layer enclosing external wall are determined by both: surface parameters (surface temperature and it’s geometry) and weather conditions (external temperature, solar radiation and wind induced). Heat exchange on the external surface depends on air flow (natural or/and forced convection), temperature difference and heat flow density. The character and magnitude of physical processes is conditioned by heat flux and temperature on external surface. In this study, heat exchange processes on external surface were evaluated using numerical techniques. On the beginning, surface temperatures as well as heat flux density were estimated for selected cases of heavy, homogeneous, masonry brick walls and glazing. Additionally, air flows around detailed wall’s ornaments were calculated using CFD techniques. The numerical studies were empirically validated based on the infrared camera measurements.

 

Heim D., Klemm P., Klemm K.:Heat exchange processes on external walls of historical buildings. W: Energy Efficiency and New Approaches. Proceedings of the Forth International Building Physics Conference, Istanbul 2009, s.937-941

The presented work is devoted to the analyses of heat exchange on highly developed external

surfaces. Thermal processes in a thin layer of external walls are determined by both: surface parameters (surface temperature and its geometry) and weather conditions (external temperature, solar radiation and wind). Heat exchange on the external surface depends on air flow (natural or/and forced convection), temperature gradient and heat flow density. The character and magnitude of physical processes is conditioned by heat flux and temperature on the external surface. In this study heat exchange processes were evaluated by numerical methods and laboratory experiments. Surface temperatures as well as heat flux densities were

determined for heavy masonry brick walls and glazing. Air flows around detailed wall ornaments were calculated using CFD techniques. Numerical studies were experimentally validated on the recently renovated post-industrial complex "Manufactura" located in Lodz. Moreover, selected architectural details of this building were reconstructed on a laboratory scale and tested in a wind tunnel. Surface temperatures and heat exchange were measured for selected wind speeds. Based on the obtained results the risk of vapor condensation on selected surfaces was estimated.

 

Klemm K., Heim D.:Wind flow and sun accessibility in narrow spaces between buildings. W: Renewables in a changing climate. From nano to urban scale. Proceedings of CISBAT International Scientific Conference Ecole Polytechnique Federale De Lausanne, Lausanne 2009, s.427-432

The presented work is devoted to estimating the effects of building size and arrangements on the local microclimate parameters: wind speed and sun radiation. Particularly, the above factors have a significant influence on the following physical processes on the external surfaces: heat exchange (absorption, emission and convection), moisture exchange (damping and evaporation). The presented results were obtained using numerical techniques for a particular building site. The joint wind and sun effect on a building façade depends among other things on the distances between buildings, their magnitude and orientation. Higher impact processes were noticed especially for a close distance between buildings. Therefore, both factors have a strong influence on the stability and regularity of physical processes in the case of narrow spaces. Finally, the correlations between sun accessibility and wind flow in the corridors were estimated for analysed cases. The highest differences in wind speed and solar distribution on the analysed façade were observed in the case of asymmetric geometry.

 

Klemm K.:Evaluation of climatic conditions in urban environment from the human comfort point perspective. W:  Future Buildings & Districts Sustainability from Nano to Urban Scale. Proceedings of CISBAT International Conference Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland, Lausanne 2015, s.469-474

The paper presents a new assessment method for microclimatic conditions in the urban environment. The proposed model defines quantitative and qualitative features of the study area from the human comfort aspect. Two main elements of the urban environment, weather conditions and urban development are evaluated. To determine whether the environment is comfortable for inhabitants, a simple criterion of comfort has to be established. This criterion must take into account the complex nature of heat exchange between a man and environment. In the light of extensive research carried out in many countries it can be demonstrated that there is a correlation between the intensity of heat fluxes with air temperature and wind speed, which allows approximations to be applied. This parameter can be used for the relative comparison of different environmental conditions. Taking into account the efficiency ranges of the thermoregulatory systems (applied in thermophysiology), criteria for thermal comfort can be established. For the assessment of weather conditions, a weather typology is proposed. Human thermal sensations caused by the reaction of the thermoregulatory system to atmospheric stimuli (air temperature, wind speed) are related to the specific type. The second important element affecting the final assessment of microclimatic conditions is the structure of the urban area i.e. participation of the various urban structures, tall vegetation and open area in the total surface as well as zones with wind comfort and discomfort. The above estimation is carried out using numerical simulations, assuming wind speed 4m/s and by simultaneously taking into account frequencies of wind flow occurring from 8 or 12 directions and related air temperature. The proposed method in its current version constitutes an approximation only. Many parameters, such as land profile, shadow fall, or heat loss by the external surfaces of the building, are not included. However further future developments and incorporation of other parameters are possible.

 

Bochenek A., Klemm K.:Evaluation of thermal comfort of the citie’s public spaces by the use of numerical simulations, Journal of Civil Engineering, Environment and Architecture, T. XXXV, z. 65, (1/18), 2018,  s.35-44

Decision making by those who play a key role in urban transformation can be supported by computer techniques. 3D-4D spatial simulations provide reliable information on the impact of spatial development changes on urban composition, microclimatic conditions and thermal comfort. Comprehensive approach to the subject of spatial changes during revitalization activities can contribute to guarantee high quality of life for people in urbanized areas, especially within public spaces. However, the current activities do not take into account microclimate issues, due to higher costs. As a result, an aim of this work was to evaluate microclimatic conditions and thermal sensation of people occupying two public spaces, i.e. Old Marketplace and Urban Square, which have been identified as priority areas in the process of city revitalization (Lodz). Results of studies may be presented to the local authorities to enrich analytical part of the urban development study, thus to enable appropriate decisions to be taken on land conversion. Conducted studies have shown that microclimate of areas is strongly dependent on spatial planning method. Greater diversity of meteorological parameters, i.e. temperature and relative humidity of air is observed in the Old Marketplace. In both areas there are microclimatic conditions described as uncomfortable. In order to guarantee appropriate thermal conditions for users, it is necessary to implement changes in their structure. The authors proposed potential planning strategies aimed to alleviate the discomfort related to human presence in both public spaces.

 

Heim D., Klemm K., Knera D., Wieprzkowicz A.:Greenery in urban environment as a nature based solution for thermal stress mitigation, W: E3S Web of Conferences vol.49 00045, 2018.

The problem of thermal environment in the city and small urban settlement is described and discussed in the paper. The study was performed for two areas differed in the intensity of development, buildings height and greenery in the nearest surrounding. The results of measurements compared and discussed come from two, local meteorological stations located in both environments. The summer temperature history was compared and analysed using daily maximum, minimum and averaged values. For 85% of analysed days the minimum air temperature in the rural zone was lower than in the regular city area.

 

Bochenek A., Klemm K.:Assessment of the impact of spatial development changes on thermal comfort experienced by man in the external environment, W: IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 415 012022, 2018.

Progressive urbanization has a direct influence on both the local and consequently global climate. The spatial development methods of the area require the use of modern computer technologies that support planning decisions by key decision makers. Evaluation of the prevailing microclimate conditions in the external environment is possible using CFD software.

In this paper were presented scenarios of the impact of changes in spatial development of the area covered by revitalization process in the most urbanized zone of Lodz. The changes proposed by the authors included two types of simulation input data, i.e. values determined for a typical meteorological year and values of meteorological parameters from the nearest measuring station – Lodz-Lublinek. PMV index enabled to evaluate the thermal comfort of human in an external environment. Conducted research has shown that the more effective solutions were scenarios based on a growth of the green area rather than introduction of water elements within the analyzed public space.

 

Bochenek A., Klemm K.:Influence of canyon aspect ratio on microclimatic conditions: case of Lodz, Poland. Central European Symposium on Building Physics 2019. MATEC Web of Conferences, 282, 02045 (2019). eISSN: 2261-236X.3.62., 2019.

This study presents an analysis of the effect of height/width proportions of street canyons on microclimatic conditions in the most urbanized part of Lodz. The empirical research covered public spaces located in the so-called Greater City Zone of Lodz, which were included in the revitalization process. In this case, two street canyons were selected, which are used as pedestrian and driving canyons (the so-called woonerfs). At first, the authors determined the average weather conditions prevailing in the warm period of Typical Meteorological Year in the area of city. On their basis, microclimatic parameters prevailing in the areas of selected street canyons were evaluated with the use of computer simulations. The next stage included the determination of aspect ratio (AR) defining the ratio of building height forming the frontage of canyons to the street width. Finally, the relation between the determined coefficient and selected weather parameters was studied.

 

Bochenek A., Klemm K.:The impact of passive green technologies on the microclimate of historic urban structure: The case study of Lodz. Atmosphere, ISSN 2073-4433, vol.11, no. 9, 2020, str.[1-18], 10.3390/atmos11090974

Rapid population growth necessitates modifications of urban form, especially in city centers. Consequently, the correlation of the outdoor environment with the occupant’s behavior has profoundly changed. In this study, the authors describe a method, that allows for the estimation of the impact of passive green technologies on the microclimate of historic urban structures, taking into account the city-specific conditions. The Envi-met application, which is widely applied in urban climatology, was used to create the atmospheric processes simulation. Passive scenarios such as green roofs, living facades, and high greenery for chosen periods—warm conditions and the hottest day—were considered. It enabled an assessment of microclimatic outdoor conditions at the pedestrian (1.4 m) and living level (5 m). The results suggested that the highest temperature reduction was related to the tree scenarios (0.09 °C at 1.4 m and 0.18 °C at 5 m height for warm a period; 1.23 °C at 1.4 m and 1.31 °C at 5 m height for the hottest day). The thermal comfort was calculated through the usage of simulated output data. In our investigation, the maximum change in PET was 1.51 °C (for the warm period) and 5.41 °C (during the hottest day of the year). The findings have valuable implications for the design of the city’s structure.

 

Prowadzone zajęcia dydaktyczne:

  • Przyrodnicze uwarunkowania planowania, s1, sem. 3, Planowanie przestrzenne,

  • Fizyka miasta, s1, sem. 3, Planowanie przestrzenne,

  • Seminarium dyplomowe, s1, sem. 7, Gospodarka przestrzenna,

  • Komfort człowieka w środowisku zewnętrznym, s2, sem. 2, Planowanie przestrzenne,

  • Budynek i środowisko, s1, sem. 7, Architektura,

  • Wybrane zagadnienia projektowania zrównoważonego, s2, sem. 1, Architektura.

 

Hobby:

Tenis, literatura, genealogia, podróże.